地层基准面研究概述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘豪  王英民  王媛 《沉积与特提斯地质》2003,23(2):98-104

根据研究目的和内容的差异，形成了基准面研究的两个派别——地貌基准面和地层基准面。基准面的一个升降周期形成了一个基准面旋回，这种基准面旋回性导致了该旋回周期的特有岩石地层单元；而在不同的地质历史中，基准面旋回级别不一样，形成了不同级别的基准面旋回，控制了不同级别岩石地层单元的记录特征。同时在一个基准面升降旋回过程中，决定了沉积可容空间的大小，进而控制了沉积物的叠置模式。但基准面的形成和控制因素亟需进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷中-上二叠统沉积相特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张健  刘楼军  黄芸  王军  胡斌 《新疆地质》2003,21(4):412-414

准噶尔盆地东部吉木萨尔凹陷中-上二叠统由上芨芨槽子群、泉子街组、梧桐沟组组成．凹陷内中-上二叠统经历了低水位域→高水位域→低水位域的变化过程，其有利相带以扇三角洲和三角洲相为主，主要发育于东斜坡区的东北部及东南部以及凹陷南北两侧断裂下盘，在南北局部的乌拉泊组和梧桐沟组还发育浊积扇．油气显示集中于三角洲或扇三角洲相带内(芦草沟组、梧桐沟组)，凹陷腹部深湖-半深湖相内的扇三角洲和三角洲沉积区是凹陷内油气的最有利聚集区和保存区．  相似文献   

Provenance, environmental and paleogeographic controls on sandstone composition in an incised-valley system: the Eocene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica     

Sergio A. Marenssi  Laura I. Net  Sergio N. Santillana 《Sedimentary Geology》2002,150(3-4):301-321

The Eocene La Meseta Formation is the youngest exposed unit of the back-arc James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula, cropping out in Seymour (Marambio) Island. The formation comprises 720 m of clastic sedimentary rocks of deltaic, estuarine and shallow marine origin. It was subdivided into six unconformity-based units (Valle de Las Focas, Acantilados, Campamento, Cucullaea I, Cucullaea II and Submeseta Allomembers) grouped into three main facies associations. Facies association I represents valley-confined deposition in a progradational/aggradational tide-dominated and wave-influenced delta front/delta plain environment. Facies association II includes tidal channels, mixed tidal flats, tidal inlets and deltas, washover and beach environments. Facies association III represents nonconfined tide- and storm-influenced nearshore environments. La Meseta Formation sandstones are quartzofeldspathic with some hybrid arenites (glauconite and carbonate bioclasts-rich). Sandstone detrital modes are subdivided into two distinctive petrofacies: the low quartz petrofacies (petrofacies I, Q<55% and L>12%), interpreted to retain the original provenance signal, and the high quartz petrofacies (petrofacies II, Q>55% and L<12%), representing the reworking product of the former after selective elimination of the more labile components. Petrofacies I sandstone framework grains were mainly derived from a dissected magmatic arc and an associated metamorphic belt. Textural evidence for recycling of some grains (e.g. garnet) from older sedimentary units during valley incision is not conclusive. Changes in the relative participation of source areas during the evolution of the incised-valley system are evaluated from the relative proportions of lithic fragments and monomineralic clasts derived from each rock type. Two lithic assemblages were recognized. The mixed lithic assemblage (Rv/Rm+Rp<1.4) shows participation of all rock types; it represented valley-confined environments, either during the initial stage of valley development, or after main episodes of incision. The volcanic lithic assemblage (Rv/Rm+Rp>1.4) is clearly dominated by volcanic-derived clasts; it developed at times of high sea level and/or during later stages of the valley fill, when an “energy fence” at the shoreline prevented delivery of sediment from the Antarctic Peninsula, thus enhancing the relative participation of local volcanic sources.  相似文献   

福建明溪盖洋地区震旦纪火山岩及古火山构造恢复   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡宗良  陈兴高  吴泽有  冯宗帜 《福建地质》2002,21(1):1-9

明溪盖洋地区广泛发育的震旦纪火山岩，均已遭受区域变质，前人多数是从变质岩角度对其作研究，笔者是从火山岩及火山作用角度，在调研变质火山岩岩石宏观与微观特征的同时，着重调查古火山构造，研究不同火山产物空间分布特征，寻找残存的古火山构造形迹，并结合遥感资料信息。初步恢复古火山中心，为研究这一时期火山活动特点乃至南平-宁化构造-岩浆带的演化及古构造环境提供了新的资料。  相似文献   

Integrating Seismic Data for Lithofacies Modeling: A Comparison of Sequential Indicator Simulation Algorithms     

Tingting Yao 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(4):387-403

Clastic reservoir characterization starts typically with modeling lithofacies distribution and geometry. The architecture of the reservoir, governed by the lithofacies geometry, is a major source of heterogeneity in such clastic systems. Seismic data provide potentially valuable information about the areal distribution of different lithofacies, such as the averaged prior proportion of each lithofacies. However, seismic data are available only at coarse vertical resolution rather than the fine lithofacies sampling along wells, hence seismic is considered equivalent to 2D data while building 3D geological models. This scale difference between the seismic data and the lithofacies data available along the wells makes direct integration difficult. Different algorithms have been proposed to integrate the seismic data: (1) duplicate seismic data along the vertical line and use the prior proportions provided by the seismic data as prior local means; (2) integrate the 2D seismic data as collocated block averages; and (3) duplicate seismic data along the vertical line and integrate them using a Markov-Bayes algorithm. These three algorithms are applied on a data set originating from a real clastic reservoir. The results are compared with regard to how much kriging weight is applied to the seismic data and how well the information from seismic data is honored.  相似文献   

Uncertainties in Facies Proportion Estimation I. Theoretical Framework: The Dirichlet Distribution     

André Haas  Philippe Formery 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(6):679-702

To simulate geological models comprising several litho-types—or facies—we need first to estimate their proportions, which are often poorly known. The corresponding uncertainties can be modelled using a Bayesian approach for inverting the multinomial distribution. The result obtained is known as the Dirichlet distribution. It can be simulated by decomposition into independent conditional distributions. Application of the model is extended to the case of nonstationary proportions and, with some approximation, to the case of correlated spatial data. The mathematical developments presented in the appendices provide a more precise and general definition of the distribution, several decomposition formulae into independent variables, the determination of remarkable stability properties, and the resulting consequences for the conditional and marginal distributions.  相似文献   

生油煤形成的环境制约   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

孙永革  朱进  徐华  盛国英  傅家谟 《地球化学》2002,31(1):8-14

通过对不同沉积环境下形成煤系源岩生烃潜力的对比研究，揭示出成煤古环境对煤成烃生成具有控制作用，并根据煤系源岩中赋存大分子有机质裂解产物分子的组成特征，提出了识别有利成烃煤相的分子有机地球化学方法——氢指数-苯酚/辛烷图解判识法。结果表明，沼泽环境覆水越深，煤中有机质富氢程度越高，生油气性能越好，裂解产物表现为正构烷烃和正构烯烃相对含量增加，以低本酚/辛烷值和高氢指数为特征；反之，沼泽环境覆水越浅，煤中有机质氢含量越低，裂解产物以高含量酚类化合物和芳香烃为特征，生油气性能关。由此表明，覆水型沼泽应是煤在烃，特别是煤成油生成的有利相带。  相似文献   

湘西南地区早震旦世湘锰期沉积相特征与成矿模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘铁生  周旭林 《湖南地质》2002,21(1):30-34

湘西南地区早震旦世湘锰期处于浅海沉积环境，锰矿层沉积于浅海陆棚盆地亚相。而盆地中心微相才是锰矿沉积的最有利环境。沉积相受古地理、古构造、古气候控制，它们三位一体联合控制了锰矿床的形成和空间展布。根据其成矿规律，预测新路河－熟坪一带和牛坡头地区为湘西南锰矿的2个成矿远景区。建立了陆源深源锰迁移至浅海陆棚盆地，经藻类生物和氨气的作用形成锰矿的沉积成矿模式。其反应式：NH3＋H2O→NH4^ OH^-;Mn(HCO3)2 OH^--MnCO3↓ CO2↑ H2O。  相似文献   

Origine des variations latérales des dépôts yprésiens dans la zone des dômes en Tunisie septentrionaleOrigin of lateral variations of the Ypresian deposits in the dome zone in northern Tunisia     

Hmidou El Ouardi 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(2):141-146

In the Mejez El Bab–Testour area (northern Tunisia), the Early Eocene extension induced block tilting and salt tectonics of the Triassic evaporites. Tectonic events and halokinesis have determined the organization of Ypresian sediments. Diapiric structures have been generated during Cretaceous along the east–west, north–south and NE–SW major faults and emphasised during Lower Eocene. In this region, the Ypresian deposits constitute a filling sequence and show several thickness and facies variations. They correspond to a Nummulitic and Globigerina mixed facies characterizing a platform-basin transition zone. To cite this article: H. El Ouardi, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 141–146.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马家沟组沉积环境模式   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：14  

侯方浩  方少仙  赵敬松  董兆雄  李凌  吴诒  陈娅娜 《海相油气地质》2002,7(1):38-46

中奥陶统马家沟组是鄂尔多斯盆地的主要天然气储集层之一。奥陶纪由于西边贺兰裂谷和南面秦岭裂谷发生扩张裂离,在盆地西缘和南缘产生裂谷肩翘升,形成 L 形隆起带。在均衡补偿作用下,隆起带东侧伴生一西缓东陡不对称的(内)陆架盆地。研究建立的东西向穿越(内)陆架盆地中心的沉积模式表明:当高海平面时期,L形隆起带沉没于海平面之下,(内)陆架盆地海水环境正常,气候湿润,石灰岩沉积遍及整个盆地;包括隆起带上,仅(内)陆架盆地风暴浪基面之下中心位置有少量灰质白云岩和白云岩沉积。低海平面时期,气候干旱,L 形隆起带接近或有时出露海平面之上,(内)陆架盆地海水补给主要来自东方,(内)陆架盆地处于半局限和局限环境,盆地中心沉积了硬石膏岩和白云岩,盆缘硬石膏岩白云岩坪为白云岩沉积区。极低海平面时期,气候极为干旱,L 形隆起带成为剥蚀区,(内)陆架盆地仅能从东面获得少量已浓缩的海水补给,盆地海水中 CaSO_4和 NaC1高度浓缩,盆地中心沉积石盐岩,盆缘白云岩硬石膏岩坪则沉积硬石膏岩,夹石盐岩和白云岩。L 形隆起带以西毗邻贺兰海槽陡斜坡带,发育各类重力流碳酸盐岩沉积环境,海槽内沉积碳酸盐和硅质碎屑混积型浊积岩。L 形隆起带以南,即渭北隆起地区,整个马家沟期发育为末端变陡的缓坡沉积环境。  相似文献